The skin is classed as an organ because it consists of different tissues joined together to perform specific activities. It is the largest organ of the body in terms of surface area. For the average adult, the skin occupies a surface area of approximately 2m2.
Structurally the skin consists of two principal parts:
Epidermis: The outer, thinner portion which is composed of epithelium. Where exposure to friction is greatest (such as in the palms and soles) the epidermis has 5 layers. In all other parts of the body it has four layers.
Dermis: The inner, thicker portion which is composed of connective tissue, containing collagenous and elastic fibres. Numerous blood vessels, nerves, glands and hair follicles are embedded in the dermis.
Beneath the dermis is a subcutaneous layer, also called the superficial fascia or hypodermis, consisting of areolar and adipose tissues. The subcutaneous layer attaches to underlying tissues and organs.
The skin is not just a simple thin covering that keeps the body together and gives it protection. The skin is complex in structure and performs several functions essential for survival. These functions include:
- regulation of body temperature
- protection
- reception of stimuli
- excretion
- synthesis of Vitamin D, and
- immunity.
When you understand the value of your skin, it is only natural to be motivated to take the necessary measures to protect its healthy condition and appearance.
